ubuntu 22.04 audio output not working (dummy audio)

the following solution works for my old dell Chromebook

echo "options snd-hda-intel model=generic" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

A power off and then power on might be needed.

Running xUbuntu on a SDCard

Finally, I decided to install xUbuntu on a 256GB SDCard as the 16GB built-in emmc drive on a chromebook (Dell P22T) is too small for a desktop system.

Undoubtly, SDCard is slow and easier to be broken. So I took the following actions to the file system and hope they can help solve both issues:

  1. Turning off atime.
  2. Disabling the journal feature.

GitHub: [support question] How to find all my comments #58062

XUbuntu Fix long beep after a few minutes playing a video or audio 

sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
# add this line at the end of the file & save
options snd_sof sof_debug=1

Reference

SqlSugar: Connection open error . The given key '25971' was not present in the dictionary.

Solution: put charset=utf8mb4 into the connection string.